The Cold War And The Soviet Union - 964 Words

The war between the United States and the former Soviet Union, referred to as the Cold War, was one in which no fighting occurred directly between the two powers. The primary reason for the war for the Soviet Union was to spread communism while the U.S. attempted to stop the spread of communism to make way for capitalism. The U.S. and the Soviet Union considered themselves different to their core, but they used identical tactics to fight this war. Although the Cold War was considered and arms race, such that the main fighting was trying to have more nuclear power than the enemy, the most important soldiers of the Cold War were artists. The weapons these artists used were children, illustrating them in a way that would provoke the population to consent to the war. The Cold War was fought using propaganda involving children with messages including protection, prosperity, and stereotypes. The first type of propaganda used in the Cold War by both the United States and the Soviet Union wa s depicting children as happy because their bliss represents a nation that is prosperous. Both nations believed that if domestic order could be achieved, national order would follow effortlessly because the family unit is the first line of defense against the opposing system. The nations believed having happy, well educated, prosperous children was a sign that their economic system was superior, so both nations tried to give the children the best lives possible, meaning children born in theShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a state of economic, diplomatic, and ideological discord among nations without armed conflict. The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR because these were the two major powers after WWII. Basically, the Cold War was a series of proxy wars that had taken place back in time involving surrounding countries. One of the main causes for Cold War was that the Soviet Union was spreading communism an d the United States didn’t like that so they were trying to contain communismRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselves through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Union are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s missionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, in fact didn’t take place in the winter season, but was just as dangerously cold and unwelcoming, as it focused on two contrasting powers: the U.S. and the Soviet Union. After World War 2, the Cold War influenced capitalist U.S. and communi st Soviet Union to engage in disagreements causing many disputes having to use military, economic and humanitarian aid. With different goals, the contrasting powers prove through the Marshall Plan, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and SALT that communismRead MoreThe Cold War And Soviet Union840 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theories and opinions of how the cold war started. Some believe that the cold war was the result of the belligerence of Joseph Stalin and the insecurity it caused in the United States and the West. Others believe the primary responsibility for the cold war derives from the hardline policies of the United States. (Viewpoints Article: the Soviet Union Start the Cold War) I believe The Cold War was triggered by the theory of two superpower countries in a race for dominance in the worldRead MoreCold War And The Soviet Union859 Words   |  4 PagesAMS2270 Cold War This essay will discuss about cold war, including the background, beginning, progress and ending. As we know, cold war is a struggle between U.S. with NATO and Soviet Union with WTO from 1947 to 1991. It is a significant event in history, and it influence the almost all of world, it directly lead to the radical change of eastern Europe and the breakup of the USSR. In 1946 February, George.F.Kennan wrote a â€Å"Long Telegram†, it clearly said the strategy of containing Soviets and itRead MoreThe Cold War On The Soviet Union1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War’s effect on the Soviet Union Shortly after the World War 2 ended, the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies entered the cold war with the Soviet Union. Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1391 Words   |  6 Pageswake of World War II as the decades-long force of Germany’s reign came to its conclusion, an extensive repositioning of authority among the world’s top powers began. The war wielded devastating consequences for most countries involved and effectively diminished the dominance Britain and France once employed across the globe. Out of this devastation rose the two new dominating forces of the world who were triumphant in the aftermath of the war: the U nited States and the Soviet Union. The United StatesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period in world history marked with increased tensions primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries desired to expand their ideologies across the globe, the U.S. urging capitalism and democratic elections and the Soviets promoting communism. After the allies had obtained victory in World War II, the Yalta Conference was held. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to expand his sphere of influence into Eastern Europe and demanded thatRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1343 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: As one of the most important events in 20th century, the Cold War had a very deep influence for the human-being civilization and it changed the world structure . The United States and the Soviet Union ,the two poles, became enemies from friends after the World War II. They adopt hostile attitude towards each other and criticized the the opponents’ social systems. To find out who provoked the Cold War, the US, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdoms ,Roosevelt, Truman ,Stalin, and ChurchillRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The Cold War1038 Words   |  5 PagesAfter a series of events during the time of World War II, tensions between the United States and the Communists such as the Soviet Union and China, developed into a military and political conflict such as the Cold War. During the Cold War, which went on for 50 years, the Soviet Union and the United States competed to expand their economical and political influence. Although, the United States military has increased in size and it’s strategy. The United States power today is highly supreme when it

The American Civil War - 1640 Words

The divide of the social divide that developed on the opposite ends of the Mason-Dixon Line came from over centuries of development. The culture that ended in the two waring ends of the United States began as a nearly identical one. Over the growth of a new nation the two regions divided along strict moral, political, and economic lines that came to a head in what is known as the American Civil War. What really led this nation to divide so drastically from its coming together to fight off an imperial rule and form democratic state though? While many place the blame on the ‘evil’ South and their acceptance of owning human people but this entirely discounts the racism and xenophobia of the North at the time. Like most things, the victor gets†¦show more content†¦This was a huge market and kept a lot of people in favor of slavery. Insurance for slaves was another part of the Northern connection with many banks being a part of the New York economy. Even the manufact uring that decreased the need for slaves made the clothing sold to the Southern farms and plantations for their slaves. The North needed the slave market as much as those who owned them. While the debate of the morality of slavery was an issue that plagued Congress and the citizens of the States since the inception of the United States, the moral call to action against slavery really began as way to get white people jobs that were directly competing with slaves. In the early to mid-19th century, there was a large migration of Europeans from countries such as Ireland, England, Germany, and more. The majority of these people came to the Northern region in search of work which was mostly manufacturing and factory work. This work was dirty, dangerous, and time consuming with very little pay. The immigrants were looked as lesser people the same way as slaves with many questioning if the Irish were even white. Because of this sort of dispute, the search for decent wages became particularly hard as freed men and slaves lowered the overall wages the immigrants could receive. The competition for the lower class people to find work when slaves were easily accessible became a d ivision in its own right.Show MoreRelatedAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhich then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lost during World War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted to reunite with the southern statesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was arguably the most important war in the history of the country. The War of Independence may have allowed American to become its’ own country, but the Civil War resulted in something even more important than that, the end of slavery in the southern states. All of the issues th at caused the Civil war were based around slavery, such as states’ rights that involved how slavery would be handled in each state, and trying to preserve the Union since the south seceded from the northRead MoreThe American Civil War1296 Words   |  6 Pages The American Civil War, also known as the State’s War, was a conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery, but deep down was due to economic differences between the North and the South. The South seceded from the North and created their own self-government due to their belief in the lack of state’s rights versus the federal government and what they saw as a weakness in the Articles of Confederation. While the Confederacy of the United States depended on slave labor for their economy in regardsRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1618 Words   |  7 Pages A Civil War is a battle between the same citizens in a country. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the inde pendence for the Confederacy or the survival of the Union. By the time Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861, in the mist of 34 states, the constant disagreement caused seven Southern slave states to their independence from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, generally known as the South, grew to include elevenRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1324 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many events that led to the cause of one of America’s most devastating war, the American Civil War. The American Civil War was an unfortunate war that cost more than the lives of six hundred thousand people. Events such as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century,Read MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. It was the bloodiest war in American history, killing approximately 620,000 soldiers in total. The War was fought and won by the North, ensuring that all the United States would stay united and slavery would be illegal in The United States. However, history is one of the m ost complicated things in the world. It’s also one of the most important things in the world because history is what made the present possible. Historians have debatedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1439 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American Civil War began in the spring of 1861, those flocking to enlistment stations in states both north and south chiefly defined their cause as one of preservation. From Maine to Minnesota, young men joined up to preserve the Union. From Virginia to Texas, their future foes on the battlefield enlisted to preserve a social order, a social order at its core built on the institution of slavery and racial superiority . Secession had not been framed by prominent Southerners like Robert ToombsRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War960 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery even if it meant war caused peace in this nation. Slavery was the vital cause of the American Civil War. The north and the south both had their differences on how to run the country. People in the North believed in unity and that slavery should not exist because â€Å"all men are created equally.† On the other hand, the South believed in continuing slavery. People tried to talk it out and come to a middle ground after both sides compromising, however that didn’t work and caused war. Ideological differencesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War856 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery may have been established as the catalyst of the American Civil War, but the beginning of the dispute began in the time of the Revolution with a weak decentralized government under the Articles of Confederation. Later gained momentum as territorial expansion set Americans against each other on debating whether the new states should be slave states or free states, it questioned the power of the Federal government regarding state rights, and brought about instability in the unity of the United

Social Media Influence On Consumer Selection

Question: Describe the Social media plays an important role in the world today. Answer: (1) Introduction Background of the study Social media has been always argued to have initiated as a way by which traditional information sources can be replaced. Social media has been accepted by various researchers such as Jepsen, 2006 to have an impact on the process of buying behaviour and the same has also been described using several models such as Input-Processing-Response models. De Valck et al, 2009, moreover suggested that communities virtually have become essential consumer knowledge networks that impact the behaviour of the customer. Social media, today enjoys a phenomenal movement with respect to becoming famous among the users of web (Beerli et al, 2003). The claim of Facebook has also been that users actively are 750 million across the world with expenditure being more than 750 billion minutes every month (Constantinides, 2009). 175 million users are hosted by Twitter which averagely post a billion tweets in a week. Therefore, it can be said that in the industry of Tourism as well, behaviour of customers has b een impacted by the information communication technologies developments and a dramatic change especially has been caused by Web 2.0 on the way in which customers make plans and consume products related to travel. According to Gretzel et al, 2008, social media influence has been predicted in the travel industry to have a dramatic emergence. It was found by eMarketer in the year 2008 by conducting a survey that approximately 82 percent of online customers in US have a frequent check over reviews present online, on blogs and several feedbacks gained online for purchase decisions related to travelling (Cox et al, 2009). The importance of social media role in the process of tourism planning on the behaviour of the customers has been the main reason for which this literature review has been formulated. This literature review academically will attempt to highlight the social media influence perceived level on choices of accommodation and destination along with trust perceived level to cont ent of social media with regard to several information related to travel. Identified Managerial Issues The main identified issue in the paper upon significant research is on 2 perspective. The first is inclusive of analysing the impact of social media over knowledge of tourism and culture along with problem with social media from the perspective of tourism. (2) Literature Review In the world today, companies of tourism such as Trip Advisor, which is the leading customer review website across the travel industry, is serving more than 50 million individuals every month seeking advice on their plans of travelling with the help from reviews of travelling and their suggestions (Decrop, 1996). It has been argued that moreover social media has taken up an essential role in the search for information amongst the travellers and behaviours of decision making. In order to further elaborate on the social media influence in travel industry, the focus will be on measuring the usage levels of social media and their scope during the planning process of complete travel plans of these customers (Buhalis et al, 2008). (2.1) Social Media Impact on Knowledge of Culture and Tourism According to Kaplan and Haenlein, social media can be defined as a group of applications based on the web helping to enhance the ideology and technology base of Web 2.0 in order to help in creating and exchanging content generated by users. Even though there are several approached existing with regard to taxonomies of social media such as taxonomies developed by Constantinides 2009, Fischer et al 2011, Kim et al 2010 and Mangold, 2009, a taxonomy was proposed by Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010 that could provide types of social media to be classified in accordance to the social presence level and self-presentation level (De Valck et al, 2009). There are 6 social media types identified by them inclusive of websites to network, blogs, communitys content, virtual social environment and virtual gaming worlds. However, still, social media of other types are neglected under this taxonomy such as those inclusive of small blogs, reviews of customers and websites rating and fora on Internet. Purchases related to travelling are generally regarded complicated especially because these products have a composite and experiential appearance which involves higher risks and this results in needing a vast range of search related to information. In such processes of information search, customers depend upon other experiences of travellers as a way by which utilities exchange can be increased and uncertainty can be deceased. Right after the initial communities over the virtual world were created, it was transpired that the content on the web was regarded same as suggestions being given by close friends or people with same thought process (Hansel et al, 2005). Throughout the era of Web 2.0, the applications of social media started becoming more famous with levels of use helping in delivering characteristic plethora that allows expression of individuals and content sharing. The support of Ad-ology is also on the fact that concerning more than 20 percent users of web in US somewhat be ing impacted through social media when considering travel plans. Therefore, social media has become essential in the planning process to travel especially because of the main role that they play that is helping the sources of information to be gained by the travellers from other peoples experiences. At the similar time, sources of information being provided is not the only purpose social media serves but it also helps in telling stories, posting activities related to travelling etc in a consistent manner along with providing a belongingness to communities of virtual travel (Gretzel, 2008). There have been various studies focusing on social media impact and role related to decisions of travelling such as the studies by Gretzel et al 2007 wherein it was found by the researchers that posting reviews online related to travelling and rating the travel related websites helps in enhancing the motivation of the customers especially when they are still making decisions regarding their plan (Decrop, 2006). Also, the travellers feel their risk is reduced and they are assisted by the views of so many in making an accommodation or a destination selection. Henceforth, social media for travellers helps in rightly formulating a decision as per the plans and requirements of the travellers. Additionally, it was found by Blose and Pan 2008, that travellers throughout the various stages of their process of planning consistently check the reviews of accommodation to make choices in the best possible manner (Fotis et al, 2012). According to Mack et al, 2008 the travel blogs influence and cr edibility is evident and the WOM traditionally has been found to be more trust worthy in comparison to posts of blogs advised by strangers. (2.2) Social media advancement in the tourism industry According to Technorati, 2010, those individuals posting in the blogs are perceived to be blog with authority and still have scope to improve in the future in terms of credibility with increase in the number of blogging posts (Technorati, 2010). According to Yoo et al, 2009 on the other hand, it was found that content generated by users is of the perception that there is more credibility when a post is from official bureau sites rather than from general sites of review along with travelling blogs, sites of social networking and communities based on content. According to Vermeulen et al, 2009, in their study, it was acknowledged on the basis of reviews of customers that an impact is also gained over the customers by reading reviews related to accommodation choices and it was found that the hotel consideration is increased when they gain exposure to reviews that are not only negative but also positive (Martin et al, 2013). In this attempt of revealing social media role across the proce ss of planning in tourism industry by the customers, it was found by Cox et al 2009 that mostly social media is used before trip is planned and during the trip as well as after it the use of social media is highly limited. In a specific manner it can be said that primarily social media was used only after the choice of holiday destination was made instead of during the destination choice evaluation. Social media, moreover has been also perceived to be lesser reliable than information sources available traditionally (Nicoletta et al, 2012). It can be however argued that this results can attribute to the perspective that the sample of studies has been obtained from official tourism websites mailing list and hence there is a possibility of predisposition positively to take place in the direction of information sources present officially. It has also been suggested by White, 2010 that photos on Facebook related to travelling help in enhancing viewers interest and can in an easy manner f orm a component of viewers travelling destination (White, 2010). On the contrary, the research performed by Mack et al, 2010 suggested that blogs related to tourism are trustworthy but only after personal reviews and ratings provided by the customers who are members on online websites of travel agents. However, the arguments presented by Parra-Lopez et al 2011, in alignment to the above mentioned research studies indicated that most of the current studies have made an attempt to highlight the social media role instead of focusing on particular social media types and particular communities or even at particular planning process stage when travelling plans are made indicating that there does not exist sufficient research academically on social media role and impact completely across the planning process of holiday travel (Nusair et al, 2012). This literature review will attempt to fill the gap by understanding the social media extent when impacting, influence, predominance of social media and even the changing customer behaviour. (2.3) Problems with Social Media in Tourism Industry More and more information related to travelling destination is collected by travellers in order to prevent themselves from securing wrong information on their planned destination for travel. Rust of tourists can be altered especially by giving marketing advices officially but the only fact that these tourists will abide to it is that offer them credibility and reliability. According to Murphy et al, 2010, attitudes shared online generally have been examined in their study in which they found that frequently approximately 50 percent of respondents shared messages and photographs when they were travelling and lesser percentage shared videos of the same. From this perspective the study indicated that participants mostly shared information on their individual website of social media rather than sharing on media sites (Payne Jown et al, 2013). According to Gretzel et al 2007, a comprehensive survey in their study indicated that the reviews of online travel impact customers also when they are recommending a tourist destination to their friends or acquaintances. The study was performed on 1500 participants who were tripadvisor.com regular users (Parra-Lopez et al, 2012). The important result in the study indicated that the opinion of the travellers on the reviews of travelling were used frequently as an information source. Travel 2.0 is a phrase representing Web 2.0 extension and customization within the industry of tourism. The description provided by Travel 2.0 is on travel websites in the new generation advocating newer technologies helping in collaboration of society between the travellers wherein sharing experiences of the travellers becomes easy with other travellers (Shao et al, 2012). This data is regarded by tourists to be even more credible than normal suggestions because more interest nowadays of these customers is in gaining suggestion of partner travellers. Web 2.0 also in the tourist businesses has a unique opportunity to provide which is related to attaining beneficial scores for travellers helping businesses to focus on the reaction of markets when offering a product and service and for using the same data in developing businesses. (2.4) Importance of Social Media in Tourism Image of a brand helps customers to acknowledge the rightness of a product for fulfilling the needs. Stronger image of branding for a company helps in encouraging loyalty of brand. The brand image associated helps the customers in creating, transforming and expressing individual identifies (Marianna et al, 2012). Brand attributes functional and symbolic nature has an impact on loyalty of the tourists destination. Self-congruity and symbolic characters influence the intension of tourists in revisiting their selected destination. There are various factors influencing the choice of destination made by a tourism. Self-congruence strongly is present when the image of a destination is in alignment to the self-image tourist ideals. Congruence functionally takes place when attributes related to performance in a destination helps in meeting the important requirements of holidays regarding the tourists such as relaxing, comforting or conveniently apprehending (Technorati, 2010). Self-congruenc e examination related to tourism research and congruence in functional manner is limited. However influence of functional congruence over choice of destination suggests that decision making over destination is dependant most probably on attributes of tangibles for fulfilling the general requirement of utilitarianism. According to recent studies however such as those performed by Nicoletta et al 2010, p 19, it has been states that push and pull factors are both considered responsible with regard to tourist destination (Social Media, 2011). Motivational mechanisms are also used to state sense of attachment being generated appropriately in the mind of the traveller illustrating that image of destination is a collection not only of subjectivity but also of construction based on social media. From this perspective, the main components of image related to a destination represents the tourism attraction simplified messages. Image therefore can be said to be used for promoting the destination of tourists and the managers of tourism need to acknowledge the visitors visual attributes as perceived from the preference of others involved. With increase in competition levels globally and also the change in motivation of tourists along with the change in their requirements has communicated that an essential rol e is played by social media in forming a positive image of a destination (Um et al, 2010). Only when agencies in tourist business industries provide correct information related to image of a destination, customers are only then able to regard the agency to be beneficial through word of mouth. On the other hand, most image selected for promoting the destination of tourists is based over symbolic stereotypic nature. These images with stereotypical aspect are realities simplified versions. Little information is often provided by them and they also lack accuracy of perfect nature. Tourism sector has gone through significant change with dynamic competition considerably in the industrial environment has led towards several prospects to emerge. However, there is a requirement of elongating the medium of social media as per Beerli et al 2003 in order to enhance the decision making process regarding tourism appropriately. Also, it has to be noted that the process of decision making does not come to an end when the customer has purchase a product or service (Vermeulen et al, 2009). The same is the scenario within tourist industry. Evaluating a product is also an important step that takes place when a customer is gaining experience from his or her consumption and this in turn helps in reinforcing enhanced attitude. An even enhance role is played by post experience within the domain of social media wherein an individuals satisfaction the reviews positivity can help in enhancing the purchase decision of a customer. Whenever it is believed that the cycle has ended for a potential customers, a cycle again actually starts for another traveller in the future (Wang et al, 2012). The dissatisfaction implication is generally aroused when external factors such as negative feelings are impacting over the decision of a vacationer and these external factors can also be inclusive of variables of supply such as accommodating, transporting and food been seen as a product of factors present internally such as inclusive of behaviour, desires and rewards of intrinsic nature. Tourist satisfaction is also referred by other authors as the product of tourist experience interaction and hence social media bridged the gap between tourists and their destination especially in the decision making process of the traveller. (3) Conclusion This literature review has contributed to present academic literature on the application and influence of social media in tourists decision making process. On the contrary, most of the current studies have focused on specific travel planning process stages with an attempt to enhance the social media impact comprehensive picture on the whole across the process of planning in the travel industry. In connection to the study performed by Cox et al 2009, it has been described that using social media influencing the trip planned by tourists and henceforth it makes attempts to illustrate the real behaviour at travel (Yoo et al, 2007). The literature review also has helped in showing that social media is used at every holiday planning stage with different purposes for all tourists. Finally, it becomes appropriate to state that study findings in the literature review when compared amongst each other have depicted an empirical contribution of each in the field of tourism industry especially wh en acknowledging the influence of social media on the decision making process of the customers. This literature review findings has suggested that searches related to travel done using the medium of social media have an equal impact throughout the planning process of tourists across the travel industry. The influence of social media is not only grave but it also is in-depth, in turn helping in understanding the changing customer demands that is beneficial for tourist agencies across the industry (White, 2010). Brand image enhancement and customer satisfaction being delivered are also two products of using social media tools resulting in benefiting the businesses in the tourism sector. References Buhalis, D. and Law, R. (2008). Progress in Information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet- The state of e-Tourism research. Tourism Management, 29 (4), pp 609-623 Beerli, A. Josefa D. (2003). "Tourists characteristics and the perceived image of tourist destinations: a quantitative analysis." Tourism Management (Elsevier Ltd.) Boyd, D. M. Ellison, N. B. (2007): Social Network Sites: Definition, History Chung, Y. and Buhalis, D. (2008). Information needs in online social networks. Information Technology and Tourism. 10(4). Pp 267-281 Constantinides, E. (2009). Social Media /Web 2.0 as marketing parameter: An introduction paper presented at the International Marketing Trends Conference. Retrieved from Cox, C. Burgess, S. and Buultjens, J. (2009). The role of user generated content in tourists travel planning behaviour. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 18(8), pp 743-764 Decrop, A. (1996). Vacaton Decision Making. Cambridge, MA, CABI. De Valck, K. Van Brugges, G. and Wierenga, B. (2009). Virtual communities: a marketing perspective. Decision support systems, 47(3), pp 185-203 Decrop, A. (2006). Vacation decision making, Wallingford, UK:CABI Publishing Fotis, J., Buhalis, D., Rossides N. (2012): Social media use and impact during the holiday travel planning process, Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2012, pp. 13-24. Gretzel U. and Yoo, K. H. (2008). Use and Impact of Online Travel Reviews, Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism. Volume 2(2). pp. 35-46. Hanlan, J, Fuller, D Wilde, SJ. (2005). Destination decision making and consumer demands: identifying critical factors ', Center for Enterprise Development and Research Occasional paper, no. 2, Centre for Regional Tourism Research, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW. Martin, D. Ercan, S. and Wonae, C. (2013). "International tourism behaviour in turbulent times: Introduction to the special issue". Journal of Business Research, Vol 66 (6). Pp 689-691. Nicoletta, R. Rocco, S. (2012). "Tourists' opinions and their selection of tourism destination images: An affective and motivational evaluation." Tourism Management Perspectives. Vol 4. Pp 19-27. Nusair, K. Mehmet, E. Fevzi, O. and Anil, B. (2012). "Users' Attitude Towards Online Social Network in Travel." In Social Media in Travel, Tourism and Hospitality, by Marianna Sigala, Evangelos Christou and Ulrike Gretzel, pp 207-221. Ashgate Parra-Lopez, E. Desiderio, G.-T. Ricardo, J. and Jacques, B. (2012). "Travellers 2.0: Motivation, Opportunity and Ability to Use Social Media." In Social Media in Travel, Tourism and Hospitality, by Sigala, M. Christou, E. and Gretzel, U. pp 171-185. Payne Jown, W. Bettman, J. R. and Johnson, E. J. (2013). The Adaptive Decision Maker. Cambridge University Press, New York. Shao, J. Mary, A. and Ulrike, G. (2012). "Riding the Social Media Wave: Strategies of DMO's Who Successfully Engage in Social Media Marketing." Pp 87-97. Ashgate Marianna, S. et. al. (2012). Social Media in Travel, Tourism and Hospitality. Theory, Practice and Cases. Ashgate Publishing Limited, Surrey Social media. (2011). In Merriam-Webster dictionary. Retrieved from Technorati. (2010). State of the Blogsphere 2010. Retrieved from http;//Technorati.com/blogging/article/state of the blogosphere-2010-introduction/ Um, S. and Crompton, J. (2010). Tried and Tested: The impact of online hotel reviews on customer consideration, Tourism Management, 30 (1). Pp 123-127 Vermeulen, I. and Seegers, D. (2009). Tried and tested: The impact of online hotel reviews on customer consideration. Tourism Management, 30(1). Pp 123-127 Wang, Y. Yu, Q. and Fesenmaier, D. (2012). Defining the virtual tourist community: implications for tourism marketing. Tourism management. 23(4). Pp 407-417 White, L. (2010). Facebook, Friends and Photos: A snapshot into social networking for generating travel ideas. In Sharda. N. (Ed.), Tourism Informatics: Visual Travel Recommender Systems, Social Communities and User Interface Design, pp 115-129. Hershey. PA: IGI Global Yoo, K. H. Purifoy, M. (2007). Online Travel Review Study: Role and Impact of Online Travel Reviews. Laboratory for Intelligent Systems in Tourism, Texas, A. and M University URL: www.tripadvisor.com/pdfs/Online Travel ReviewReport.pdf

Women As Second-Class Citizens an Example by

Women As Second-Class Citizens History has been the primary witness to gender equality. Even long before, earlier than the times when other more powerful countries colonized nations, men have been more dominant than women. I have observed that in my high school history class, even the primitive people who lived in caves and hunted for food has regarded men as mightier than the females of their tribe. Maybe it is not fully grasped in their indistinct language, but their behaviors show it all. Men wander in uncharted forests to hunt for food. Women stay together to look after the children. This trend is still quite being followed today, as many call it a tradition for women to stay at home and nurse the children. Need essay sample on "Women As Second-Class Citizens" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This situation considers women as minority groups. More ruthlessly, women are being referred to as second-class citizens in many countries. They are considered inferior and weaker than men. Women are not given heavier roles in society. Women are constantly conditioned to believe that they do not have a right to an opinion, to be politically active, to speak out (OCarroll, 1992). Nowadays though, there are many liberal womens group who continually fight for equal rights with men. Some corporate institutions hire only male employees for certain positions, with the principle that men do better jobs. This alone may be a simple testimony that women are being judged based on gender, not on capabilities. According to a report by the Womens Foundation of Minnesota, women are conspicuously lacking from elected office. In fact, no woman of color has ever held statewide elective office or represented Minnesota in Congress (cited in Westhoff). Here, it is not just gender that represents the caus e of unfair criticism but skin color as well. UNICEF provides alarming facts about violence and discrimination against women. It said that roughly 60 million women are missing today because of gender discrimination, predominantly in South and West Asia, China and North America. In the United States woman is physically abused by her intimate partner every nine seconds. Throwing acid to disfigure a womans face is so common in Bangladesh that it warrants its own section of the penal code. More than 1 million children, overwhelmingly female, are forced into prostitution every year, the majority in Asia (Bunch). Bosnian women are underrepresented in government institutions and state companies. The women in Bosnia who were left with disabilities by the war face double-discrimination (Savage). A woman in Russia has a chance to be almost anything, except a woman (cited in Barson, 1992). All of these statistics imply that more and more women are violated, considered sex slaves, and more because men may have presumptions that women are we ak, incapable, and are like their properties to be used. Plus, we may never know but there may be so many unreported cases anywhere about violence against women. Actually, women nowadays are considered luckier than those who lived years before. At some point, there are also many societies who give high regard to women, as respectable and dignified people equal to men in intellect and capabilities. Nonetheless, it is still quite apparent and undeniable that a substantial portion of society manifests the treatment of women as only secondary to men. I personally believe that men and women must not be treated differently or with biases, in a sense that they are both created by God in His image and likeness. They are both capable of doing great and admirable things. People must not pass judgment on others because of gender. Yes, some females may commit mistakes in their lives naturally they are human beings, just like men. But this is not a ground for considering women as substandard. There have been many instances that they have proven their worth and competence. Therefore, there is not enough reason; rather, there is no reason at all to put wome n under oppression just because of their gender. Men, and women likewise, must be treated and given respect equally just like any other human being would want to be appreciated. References Barson, M. (1992). Better Red Than Dead: A Nostalgic Look at the Golden Years of Russia Phobia, Red-baiting, and Other Commie Madness. New York: Hyperion. Bunch, C. The Intolerable Status Quo: Violence Against Women and Girls. Women Commentary. OCarroll, A. Sex, Class and the Queen of England. Workers Solidarity, 36. 1992. Savage, B. (2006, May 23). Global Rights. Wetshoff, K. (2005, March 23). Second Class Citizens: Minnesotas Women of Color Are Being Left Behind. Womens Press.