Issues in the Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Issues in the Global Economy - Essay Example India is one of the quickest developing economies and besides, globalization in the Indian market has prompted new open doors with more difficulties and obligations. Since the initiation in the year 1995, India joined WTO for administration of global exchange with expanded open doors with the part nations and to challenge strategies of other creating nations. Progression in science and innovation in the field of transportation and correspondence as of late because of globalization in the economy with more changed arrangements and on-going prerequisites made the whole world market as a neighborhood advertise for India alongside encouraging it to think past its regions and exchange merchandise and enterprises over the fringe. Be that as it may, exchange administrations is far not quite the same as exchange products, as far as inborn nature of both. Administrations or the business administrations are arranged as undetectable, immaterial, short life and non-storable. In any case, every s ingle such trademark are not applied in all the administrations all the while. Business administrations are the arrangement of administrations that the part nations of WTO or the business associations accommodate others business applications. For instance, lodging administration can be guaranteed to be feasible where the client wishes to remain it could be past there land area. Business benefits primarily incorporate transportation, travel and other business administrations, for example, correspondence, media transmission, development, money related, protection, PC administrations, and other individual administrations.

Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky Views on the Learning Process

Chapter by chapter list Introduction Main Ideas of Piaget Main Ideas of Vygotsky Similarities and Differences Opinionated Arguments and Counter Arguments Conclusion References Introduction This paper tries to investigate the instructive speculations created by widely acclaimed scholars Piaget and Vygotsky to clarify the way toward learning. Instructive hypotheses allude to the theoretical instructive musings that are utilized to clarify the idea of training as a significant device that guides and clarifies certain viewpoints and ideas to people. Instructive speculations were initially evolved by the Greek logicians to address the parts of learning, instructive arrangements and leadership.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Jean Piaget’ and Lev Vygotsky’ Views on the Learning Process explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rationalists had the fundamental thought of summing up illustrative models for adapting in this manner making a n assortment of information that would be utilized to estimate information and make obversive practices that would be utilized in instructive idea. Instructive idea, which is a significant part of most instructive learning speculations, manages ideas of hypothesis, for example, human science, reasoning, basic reasoning speculations and brain research (Thomas, 2007, p.5). The production of instructive speculations supposedly was a significant advance by numerous educationists as it empowered them to decide the subjective procedures of individuals during the learning procedure. Jean Piaget and Lev Semionovich Vygotsky’s instructive speculations looked to clarify the mental procedures that occurred in people when learning occurred. As per the two scholars, intellectual improvement in instructive speculations was intended to clarify how instructors utilized the subjective procedures of youngsters to configuration learning programs that would meet their instructive needs. Concerni ng Piaget’s instructive hypothesis, the principle presumption that shaped the structure for the hypothesis was that insight originated from activities performed by people because of interfacing with their general condition. Vygotsky on the other hand put together his instructive hypothesis with respect to the way that the learning procedure occurred because of a progression of reflexes that would be converted into instructive contemplations. He established his hypothesis on the reason that all human conduct started from responses to upgrades that exuded from the outside condition. Vygotsky likewise saw the utilization of private discourse designs as helpful procedures that would permit kids to disguise and comprehend instructive data just as the zone of proximal advancement which permitted educators to decide the real and potential learning capacity of a youngster (Shaffer Kipp, 2010, p.293). The accompanying conversation will accordingly reveal more insight into Piagetâ€⠄¢s and Vygotsky’s instructive hypotheses. Primary Ideas of Piaget Piaget’s enthusiasm for information and training saw him build up the four phases hypothesis of intellectual improvement that featured the different phases of realizing which occurred in people. He had the option to think of the hypothesis in the wake of watching kids and their line of reasoning while taking part in instructive manners of thinking. Piaget utilized standard inquiries to decide the sort of reaction kids had to these inquiries with the goal that he could determine their subjective procedures and line of thinking.Advertising Looking for article on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He was for the most part centered around deciding the rationale and thinking that was utilized to show up at an answer as opposed to whether the youngsters had gotten the inquiries rights or wrong. Piaget come to the end result that mind developme nt for the most part because of the relations in the midst of hereditary and environmental factors as the learning procedure went on. From his investigation, Piaget had the option to build up the four phase scholarly improvement hypothesis that would be utilized to clarify the way toward learning and training in people (Oakley, 2004, p.14). Oakley, (2004) demonstrates that the main phase of Piaget’s instructive hypothesis, the sensor engine stage, manages how youngsters depend on their tactile engine aptitudes to build up their psychological faculties during learning. Knowledge normally shows itself in these youngsters when they participate in exercises that require engine abilities, for example, strolling or tactile aptitudes like contacting. Kids can learn in the sensorimotor stage by taking part in physical exercises that expect them to utilize their tangible engine aptitudes. Piaget built up this phase by watching the intellectual advancement of kids between the ages of z ero to two years of age who came up short on any relational abilities and for the most part depended on their tactile and engine aptitudes to find out about their general condition. Nonetheless, at a further developed age, the newborn children had the option to gain some language abilities that lead to the idea of article lastingness in this stage (Oakley, 2004, p.16). The preoperational phase of Piaget’s hypothesis managed how images were utilized by kids to find out about different instructive ideas. Established on his perceptions, Piaget had the option to confirm that kids utilized images and imagery got from their impression of the existence where they accepted that everybody thoroughly considers their activities precisely as they do. During the preoperational stage, the memory and oral language of youngsters created empowering them to convey and furthermore hold data. The third phase of the hypothesis that was otherwise called concrete operational stage managed how kids matured seven years and eleven years had the option to encounter some emotional change in their idea and intellectual procedures (Oakley, 2004, p.18). This phase as indicated by Piaget represented the acquaintance of consistent prevailing upon children’s line of thought which empowered them to participate in speculation forms during their learning. The capacity of youngsters to switch their intuition to the starting additionally showed itself during the solid operational stage. The last phase of Piaget’s instructive hypothesis was the formal operational stage which managed how grown-ups had the option to ace unique manners of thinking just as use imagery in speculative circumstances. This stage was generally evolved to manage complex circumstances that necessary the utilization of an authority of speculation procedures to show up at a reasonable answer. This last phase of Piaget’s instructive hypothesis was anyway put to test the same number of scholars contende d that solitary 35% of people had the option to achieve formal operational idea (Oakley, 2004, p.22).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Jean Piaget’ and Lev Vygotsky’ Views on the Learning Process explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Main Ideas of Vygotsky The principle thought that was utilized by Vygotsky to build up his instructive hypothesis was the utilization of private discourse or conversing with oneself as a method of building up the subjective and social procedures of a person. Vygotsky included the utilization of private discourse particularly in showing little youngsters since it empowered them to thoroughly consider an issue and build up an answer that would be utilized to manage the issue. He saw the utilization of private discourse as a venturing stone to proximal improvement which shaped the second piece of his instructive hypothesis. Agreeing Vygotsky, proximal advancement alluded to the degree of improvement that fell quickly over a person’s current intellectual level and youngsters who were inside the proximal degree of improvement couldn't complete psychological procedures without anyone else (Kozulin, 2003, p.15). As per Kozulin (2003), Vygotsky suggested that kids who were instructed inside the proximal zone of improvement would have the option to accomplish most extreme realizing where strategies, for example, platform could be utilized to give help during the learning procedure. Platform as indicated by Vygotsky included utilizing insights and hints gave by educators so the kids might frame their own way of understanding the different ideas introduced to them by their teachers. The utilization of platform was additionally intended to guarantee that the educator worked with the kid during homeroom practices by furnishing them with clarifications to questions and furthermore amending them in the occasion they got an inquiry wrong. Vygotsky’s zone of proximal advancement was sub sequently the principle thought that underlined his hypothesis as it decided the unmistakable degrees of improvement of a kid during the learning and furthermore their potential advancement secured in their critical thinking abilities (p.39). Similitudes and Differences Piaget and Vygotsky’s instructive hypotheses are both established on constructivism which is a learning and instructing approach that manages psychological procedures that outcome from mental development. Constructivism alludes to a learning procedure that happens when individuals relate data with what they definitely realize empowering them to intellectually develop new data with previously existing data. Constructivist scholars base their contentions on the way that learning is controlled by the specific situation or setting in which the thought is being instructed. Constructivism likewise covers the mentalities and convictions that student’s have towards their training and the learning techniques tha t are utilized by their educators to give information (Davis Sumara, 2003, p.409). Both Piaget and Vygotsky believed that the instructive procedure was legitimately influenced by the limits of subjective development that existed in the individual’s society. As indicated by their hypotheses, the psychological improvement of people was normally dictated by the sort of social impacts that influenced their intellectual advancement in their present surroundings. Piaget and Vygotsky’s

The Fear of Sharp Objects Aichmophobia 101

The Fear of Sharp Objects Aichmophobia 101 Phobias Types Print The Fear of Sharp Objects: Aichmophobia 101 By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 30, 2019 PeopleImages / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Aichmophobia, pronounced (ak-m?-'fo-be-?), is the fear of sharp objects. This phobia of sharp things encompasses a wide range of specific fears. Some people are afraid of cutting or stabbing themselves and others of injuring someone else. Trypanophobia, or the fear of medical needles, is sometimes classified as a form of aichmophobia. Belonephobia is the fear of all needles and may refuse all injections or tests that involve the use of needles. Aichmophobia Triggers Like all phobias, aichmophobia has different triggers in different people. Some people are afraid only of particularly sharp knives, such as chef knives or hunting knives. Some fear all knives. Others are afraid of pins and needles. For example, one woman says her sewing triggered a fear of needles for days afterward with her visualizing needles piercing her skin. Some people fear all objects that they perceive as sharp, including umbrella points, paper clips and clothes hangers. In general, the worse the phobia is the more items that are perceived as triggers. Aichmophobia and Cooking Mageirocophobia, or the fear of cooking, is sometimes related to aichmophobia. It is difficult or impossible to prepare meals from scratch without using sharp knives. Ironically, this fear actually makes it more likely that you will cut yourself during the cooking process. Many people with a fear of sharp knives attempt to chop vegetables or de-bone meat with a dull knife, vastly increasing the chances that the knife will catch or jump. People with this fear might also use knives incorrectly, believing that it is safer to hold the knife further back on its handle. This provides less control over the knife, again increasing the risk of injury. Aichmophobia and Daily Life Aichmophobia, or the fear of sharp objects, may drastically limit your ability to perform common tasks of daily living because so many require sharp tools. Opening packages, making minor household repairs, sewing and many craft projects often require the use of knives, scissors or other sharp objects. Aichmophobia can actually make tasks more dangerous since people who are afraid of tools tend to wield them improperly. Trypanophobia Although the fear of medical needles is sometimes considered a subset of aichmophobia, the two phobias are actually quite different. While those with aichmophobia are afraid of working with sharp tools, trypanophobia is specific to medical procedures. In general, those with trypanophobia are unafraid of other sharp objects. In many cases, it is the medical procedure itself rather than the needle that triggers the phobic reaction. Getting Help for Aichmophobia Like all phobias, untreated aichmophobia tends to worsen over time. For example, a mild fear of very sharp knives might gradually grow to include knitting needles, then straight pins, and eventually scissors. With treatment, however, aichmophobia is generally easy to overcome. Many people find that they can beat a mild fear through education and exposure. Learning proper knife skills, studying expert seamstress videos and working alongside a competent handyman can provide confidence. If your fear is more severe, however, professional assistance may be required. In most cases, aichmophobia responds well to a variety of brief therapy options.

Essay On The Causes Of The Civil War - 1241 Words

The Civil war was extremely significant as it impacted and shaped the future of America. Approximately 620,000 lives were lost during the war, which goes to show how the North and South were engaging in battles on a tremendous scale. Both Northerners and Southerners were ready to lose their lives over the values they held dear. However, the causes of the civil war were quite simple as it detailed the specifics on why the war came about. The civil war was not caused by extremism and a failure of leadership on both sides, but rather due to the distinct social and labor systems within the North and the South. The north sustained an economic system ran on free labor. Factories were prominent and the industrial system prospered in the North.†¦show more content†¦This compromise came to fruition due to California wanting to be admitted as a free state. Southerners feared that the admission of California as a free state would make slaveholding interest a minority in congress. Southerners felt that the foundation of the U.S. Government was built on rights such as deciding whether the state is a free state or slave state (Doc 7). The south wanted to expand slavery as it was a part of their social structure and admission of new states in the U.S. meant that the South’s culture was being slowly erased. The Compromise of 1850 was only a means to make the south content with the admission of a free state; a means that would only last a few years. Slavery was very important to the south. The very culture of the south was centered on the institution of slavery. In 1854, the Kansas Nebraska act was passed which stated that the people within the territories of Kansas and Nebraska would decide themselves whether it be a slave state or not. This meant that if chosen by the people, Kansas and Nebraska (both states north of north of latitude 36 °30) could become slave states. After the Kansas Nebraska act was passed many northerners were angry as it violated the Missouri compromise. Northerners felt that the Kansas NebraskaShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Causes of the Civil War1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Causes of the Civil War In 1642, Civil War broke out in England, Parliament against the King. Civil War is said to be the worst kind of war because it is when a country fights against itself and unfortunately, this was the case in England. Many familys were torn apart and many people were killed but how had this happened? How had a great country gone so low that they would have to fight themselves? How had England gone into Civil War? This is what we are going toRead MoreCauses of the Civil War Essay661 Words   |  3 PagesA major conflict in the United States’ history is the American Civil War. Many causes led to the Civil War. This all happened around the mid 1800s. It was a conflict between the Northern and Southern states. Both sides had their own view on slavery, and their separate views caused contentions between the two. Both had different views on whether to expand or stop slavery growth to the West, or have slavery at all. The biggest cause was a social difference between slave and anti-slave states. AlsoRead MoreEssay On The Causes Of The Civil War936 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War, a groundbreaking war, between the Union and Confederacy was a war of uncompromising disagreements. The Civil War was a war fought in various places throughout the United States from 1861 to 1865. Over 237- named battles were fought and a couple famous ones being the â€Å"Battle of Fort Sumter†, and â€Å"Battle of Palmito Ranch†. The victory was for the Union, however there was a point in the Civil War where the Confederacy was winning which left the people astonished. The Civil war was causedRead MoreEssay On The Causes Of The Civil War896 Words   |  4 PagesCivil War- noun- a war between political factions or regions within the same country. The regions in the Civil War of 1860 that took place in 1860-1864 were the North and the South. They had different beliefs that eventually sent them into war. The 3 main causes of this civil war were: states’ rights, economy, and most importantly, slavery. The first of the three main causes is states’ rights. The south believed they had the right to take their slaves to the new states being admitted into the UnionRead MoreCauses of the American Civil War Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesThe Civil War was caused by a myriad of conflicting pressures, principles, and prejudices, fueled by sectional differences and pride, and set into motion by a most unlikely set of political events. From the colonial period in America where the institution of slavery began, through the period of the revolution whereby blood was shed to validate the notion that all men were created equal (yet slavery existed in all thirteen colonies), to the era of the Civil War itself, it is undoubtedly clear thatRead More Causes Of The Civil War Essay923 Words   |  4 Pages CAUSE OF THE CIVIL WAR In 1860, the worlds greatest nation was locked in Civil War. The war divided the country between the North and South. There were many factors that caused this war, but the main ones were the different interpretations of the Constitution by the North and South, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the arrival of Lincoln in office. These factors were very crucial in the bringing upon of the destruction of the Union. They caused immediate war. In 1791, the tenth amendment was addedRead More Causes of the Civil War Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of the Civil War Although some historians feel that the Civil War was a result of political blunders and that the issue of slavery did not cause the conflict, they ignore the two main causes. The expansion of slavery, and its entrance into the political scene. The North didnt care about slavery as long as it stayed in the South. South Carolina seceded, because Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, was voted into office. The Republican party threatened the Souths expansion and so SouthernersRead MoreEssay On Cause Of Civil War2356 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬Å"Slavery cause the Civil War† Jeffrey W. Crawford Instructor: Dr. Peter Skirbunt Course: History 1301 College: Central Texas College Did slavery cause the Civil War? While slavery was not the only cause for the South to secede and take up arms against the United States, it was the central motivation for the Civil War. While many still debate the ultimate causes of the Civil War, Pulitzer Prize-winning author James McPherson writes that, The Civil War started because of uncompromising differencesRead MoreEssay about The Cause Of The Civil War1230 Words   |  5 PagesAP Essay Ever since its beginning, the debate over cause of the Civil War has created enormous controversy. To many people, the cause of this terrible conflict was the issue of slavery, and the failure of the North and South to solve this issue. To others, the war was caused by the Norths economic and political aggression towards the South. However, the war itself was caused by the failure of the democratic institution of the United States. With a democratic government, the US government wasRead MoreCauses of Civil War Essay1835 Words   |  8 PagesCauses Of Civil War As members of the Futurist of America Association, we have been assigned to look specifically at the cause of the American Civil #War. There are five aspects that could of led to the Civil War and they are Westward Movement, Social Change, Froeign Policy Development, Government/Politics Development, and Economic Development. Out of the five aspects, Economic Development is the best reason for the eventual Civil War. First, Westward Movement could of led to American

Are Sparklers Safe on Cakes

Nothing makes a cake more festive than adding a glittering sparkler to the top, yet how safe is it  to put a firework on your food? The answer depends on your definition of safe. Heres a look at the various risks associated with using sparklers on your cake or cupcake. Sparkler Candles on Cakes The candles that emit sparks are completely safe on a cake. They dont shoot off many sparks and arent likely to burn you. That doesnt make them food, however, so dont eat them. These sparkler candles, however, are not the same as those you might purchase as fireworks for the Fourth of July. Risk of Burns from Sparklers By far  the greatest risk from putting a sparkler on a cake is the risk of getting burned when removing it from the cake. Sparklers account for more firework accidents than any other type of pyrotechnics in part because they are used more often and because there is a genuine risk related to grabbing the wire while its still too hot. The solution is easy. Just wait for the sparkler to cool before removing it. Dont Poke Your Eye Out Sparklers can be used on party cakes for kids, but dont let kids play with the sparklers. Accidents occur when people get poked with the sharp wire. Adults should supervise any use of sparklers and they should be removed (when cool) before serving the cake. Chemicals in Sparklers All sparklers are not created equal! Some are toxic and should not be used on food. All sparklers throw off small particles of metal, which can land on the cake. Food grade sparklers are more likely to be safe than sparklers from a fireworks store. Even the safest sparklers shower your cake with aluminum, iron, or titanium. Colored sparklers may add some barium (green) or  strontium (red)  to your festive treat. The other chemicals in sparklers generally are not a concern, as long as you are using ashless, smokeless sparklers. If the sparkler throws ash, youll get non-food-grade chemicals on your cake, including chlorates or perchlorates. The biggest risk comes from heavy metals, though there may be other toxic substances, too. The chemicals from sparklers  arent likely to kill you or even make you sick, especially if you only eat cake as a special treat, but you might feel better scraping off any residue that looks suspicious. Enjoy sparklers on your cake, but use ones meant for food and let them cool before touching them. You can find these online or at any party supply store.

Essay Writing for Ipad and Computer Contrast Free Essays

The rivalry between Ipad and PC users is well-documented and increasingly complicated. Each time a new gadget enters the marketplace, consumers have more decisions to make about how they want to check email, watch movies, download music, and surf the web. But outside the typical debate, what should an end user consider when deciding between an iPad and a laptop PC? At one time, the laptop was the height of portability, offering a slim, lightweight device that could be slipped into a bag or carrying case. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Writing for Ipad and Computer Contrast or any similar topic only for you Order Now The iPad, however, is only a little more than one and a half pounds, and is easily transported regardless of what you decide to carry it in. Furthermore, the iPad is easier to operate in awkward positions, such as on the subway or in the car. The downside is the smaller screen size, which might be an issue when editing photos or playing games. It is important to realize that the iPad and the laptop PC were designed for separate functions. While some of the applications overlap, this is usually the deciding point for consumers. If you are interested primarily in social media, ebooks, and other content consumption, an iPad is more than adequate. However, those who spend a lot of time typing or designing might prefer a laptop PC. The applications available for the laptop are far more comprehensive. You can buy a mouse and keyboard for use with the iPad, but that costs extra money and reduces the portability benefit. One of the biggest benefits of the iPad is the intuitive, user-friendly. The screen has more pixels and is generally more beautiful to look at than any of the laptop PCs on the market. This can be a huge benefit for consumers and professionals who want to enjoy working on their chosen device. Laptop PCs are notorious for battery life, requiring a charge every three to four hours. An iPad 3, on the other hand, can last up to 10 hours on a charge, which means you won’t have to go looking for an outlet as quickly when you’re on the go. Most serious gamers stick with a desktop computer for graphics-intensive games. Lighter fare will operate on a laptop PC, which might be a selling point. Of course, there are thousands of games applications made specifically for the iPad, so it depends on your preferences. Check out the games that most interest you to determine how you might be able to play them on each device. How to cite Essay Writing for Ipad and Computer Contrast, Essay examples

Hamlet Characterisation Essay Example For Students

Hamlet Characterisation Essay In the first section of the passage, Hamlet is filled with self-loathing. His feelings of worthlessness are made quite apparent as he questions himself with statements like What is a man, if his chief good and market of his time be but to sleep and feed? A beast no more. This metaphor clearly shows how unworthy Hamlet feels about the fact that he has been lying around doing nothing and his father remains unavenged. His use of unpleasant imagery like bestial oblivion and fust also contribute to his tone. Hamlet knows he has been thinking too much and acting too little. He questions his own courage when he says that his thoughts are but one part wisdom and ever three parts coward. Hamlet understands that pondering on an action like he has been doing only leads to excuses to ignore the offense done to him, and it is his fear creating the excuses and leaving his honor soiled. In the second section of the passage Hamlet is still angry at himself, especially when he views himself next to Fortinbras. He juxtaposes his own actions against Fortinbras in lines like Why yet I live to say This things to do, sith I have cause, and will, and strength, and means to dot. and Witness this army of such mass and charge, led by a delicate and tender prince , whose spirit, with divine ambitioned puffed, makes mouths at the invisible event. He continues to question his self worth as he sees the fact that Fortinbras is willing to spend 20,000 lives to gain honor in his event, while He himself has not been able to gather even enough courage take care of his event which is revenging his father. The comparison is clear Hamlet is a coward while Fortinbras is a brave delicate and tender prince.In the third section Hamlet finds the answer to the self questioning that has occurred in the first to passages. He realizes he must take action immediately and quit delaying. He understan ds the fact that Rightly to be great is not to stir without great argument, but greatly to find quarrel in a straw when honors at stake. Hamlet has much greater reason then a straw to be angry and a vivid picture of his reason for rage is painted in the line a father killed, a mother stained, excitements of my reason and my blood, let all sleep, while to my shame I see the imminent death of twenty thousand men. His honor has been taken away and he is standing by watching normal men die without reason while he, a prince who is supposedly of noble blood stands idly by while his father lies dead and his murderer continues to sully Hamlets honor by sleeping with his victims wife. Hamlets admiration for Fortinbras action along with his feelings toward himself have turned to utter disgust. Hamlet uses grave imagery in his speech like (there) is not tomb enough and continent to hide the slain. To show his mind has voyaged down to the depths of morbidity that show he is prepared to act. He knows that he is worth nothing until his father is avenged as he shows in his statement My thoughts be bloody, or they be nothing worth this line clearly illustrates that by the end of the passage Hamlets state of mind is nothing short of murderous.

Taste, Work Ethic, and Compensation Expectations in the South

Piece Rate System/ Payment byResults System This is the easiest system of payment. A worker receives payment depending on the amount of items he produces. Management does not have a problem determining the items of production and the number each worker produces. Workers determination and hard work are the determinants of the amount they receive at the end of the day.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taste, Work Ethic, and Compensation Expectations in the South specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Benefits It is very easy to measure a workers output which makes the system’simplementation quite easy. Secondly, workers are motivated to work harder. This is because the more they work the more they get. Disadvantages Sometimes, workers may compromise quality of work in an attempt to produce more items. The effects of this are spiraling as it leads to direct customer dissatisfaction, which may result in lost business . It also does not recognize the human aspect of employees. Motivation comes from more than just making money. In other terms, it projects money as the only motivator of human beings, whichis not true. Salary Payment System This system rewards employees after a certain period. Normally, it is a month. Workers report to work and leave after a certain period. Benefits The workers get motivated because they do what they love. Their input does not go through rigorous measuring procedures. Hence, performance of an employee stems from other factors, which may or may not include money. Secondly, employees find it fair. This is because there are those workers who are faster than others are and may always end up getting promotions if a company adopts other methods. Thirdly, the company rests assured of quality work. The employee inputs everything possible skill to produce quality work (U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, 2006). Disadvantages An organization may not always measure each worke rs output correctly. This means some employees may take advantage of this policy to laze around at the expense of others for an equal pay. Consequently, management should take careful interest in each worker’s output, though in a subtle way. It is also a permanent expense in the books of the company despite revenue performance. Hourly Payment System Under this system, workers receive payment on hourly basis. This is the most beneficial payment system on the side of employees. Normally, consultants, lawyers and others who offer professional services use and prefer this payment system. This is because they are not permanent employees of a particular company. They are engaged in one-off decisions or solutions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Advantages The company or organization that engages this services pay for them only once. Therefore, this expense does not feature in the books of accounts permanently. Secondly, since the process of selection happens only once, the company is in a position to pick the best that can offer the service. This guarantees them best services. Another outstanding advantage is the fact that a company can always outsource these services since they do not form a core business function per the definition of the company (U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, 2006). Disadvantages The payment associated with these services isnot standard. Different providers offer different services and charge differently. This means a company can only come up with a certain range of acceptability. Nonetheless, it may lead to overpayment. Because of the nature of the reason for sourcing the professional service, a company may incur huge costs. For example, an unexpected lawsuit or a disaster that requires professional public relations. ComparableWorth This is a new workplace doctrine that attempts to ensure that jobs that require similar prof essional or educational qualification receive equal compensation despite male or female predominance or perceived ‘fit to do the job’ status. Traditionally, as many studies confirm, women dominated professions with similar qualifications as parallel male dominated professions comparatively get lower compensations. These jobs include elementary education, childcare and health care (Ander and Velasquez, 2011). This discrepancy prompts rights activist to propose equality. However, workplace traditions dictate that this is something that exists from a long time ago. Its implementation is a paradox. Employers do not know how to go about this. It is as if socialization precisely gears women towards least paying disciplines. However, as employers argue, it is impossible to adjust such payments to fit into the new social demands placed upon them by the advocates of comparable growth. Should they pay more in salaries and risk going down just to meet social pressure? (Ander and V elasquez, 2011). The legal systems propose that every individual should receive equal treatment at work. The constitution guarantees workers’ rights. Therefore, employers have a responsibility to uphold the same. However, it is almost impossible to compensate different professions by men and women equally. This is because, socially and traditionally, these professions do not generate as equal revenues. Additionally, the risks associated with the women dominated professions are less. The way is narrow for employers to walk as they attempt to bridge this gap without risking legal processes (Ander and Velasquez, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taste, Work Ethic, and Compensation Expectations in the South specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Ander, C. Velasquez, M. (2011). Comparable Worth. Retrieved from https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/business-ethics/resources/comparable-worth/ U.S. Me rit Systems Protection Board. (2006). A Report tothe President andtheCongress ofthe United States. Web. This essay on Taste, Work Ethic, and Compensation Expectations in the South was written and submitted by user Darien Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

stock market essays

stock market essays Prior to the stock market crash in 1929 and Black Thursday, a day which meant financial ruin for much of America, the U.S Economy was experiencing a great boom. The stock market, a growing trend in the life of Americans, allowed almost every man to experience the American dream. Investing was something that almost every person could do, the thought of putting in a few hundred dollars one day and waking up the next morning with twice as much money as you had put in amazed people. Once they started they couldnt get enough. At the beginning of the 1920s approximately 1.5 million citizens participated in the stock market but at the close of 1928 survey s said the about 17million had taken interest in the stock market. Because of their success and that of so many others, people could not possibly see how the stock market could fail, they watched its growth day by day and saw themselves grow more and more wealthy. This is not to say however that no one paid attention to the increasing amo unt of warning signs. Many noted that the pace at which prices were rising could be potentially dangerous, however when they tried to warn the public, people thought they were crazy for thinking this amazing time of wealth and prosperity could come to a devastating end. In the 1920s playing the stock market became a sort of national sport, people who had never invested in anything or prior to the 20s had never even heard of the stock market were buying and selling in hopes of getting rich quick. Brokerage firms became a common thing with advertisements and competition for lowest interest and down payments of as low as 10%. This further added to the madness of the times. What the average person didnt understand however, was that the stock prices did not reflect the real values of the shares or how much the companies were worth. Because of this, people spent their entire savings on stocks and when the bear market began...

Small Group Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Small Group Project - Essay Example The Ethics Review Committee under the chairmanship of the Compliance Officer is responsible for setting these ethical standards. After review of existing codes of conduct and related laws and regulations, the following codes of conduct applies to all management and employees of ECG, and are accountable for complying with this code of conduct: Adherence to applicable laws and regulations All employees in all ranks of the company must adhere to the legal requirements of the American government and countries that ECG conducts business. They must also adhere to the regulations of local authorities and commands that affect the company or its line of business. The laws and regulations that affect ECG are many; therefore, the company will provide guidelines on certain laws. The Compliance Officer will be available to answer any questions pertaining all laws that can affect the firm or its operations (Bacher, 2007). Conflict of interest This results when personal interests of employees and d irectors clash in any way with the interests of the firm. Despite having the right to engage in personal investments, enjoy private relationships and maintain normal business courteousness, employees, and management of ECG must not engage in activities or interests that may hinder their job responsibilities. Conflict of interest may also result when a member of staff pursues interests and actions that may negatively influence their performance. According to Hansen (2010), conflict of interest may also result when an employee, director or family members receive inappropriate gifts or benefits due to their relationship with the firm, whether the gain is from the firm or a client. Examples of conflict of interest are credit, guarantees for credit to employees and members of their families. Federal laws criminalize loans to executives and top management (Hansen, 2010). Working concurrently for a competitor, supplier or client amounts to a conflict of interest. Despite the fact that it i s not always easy to determine a conflict of interest, it is the firm’s policy to forbid such conflicts whenever feasible. Conflicts of interests may not be obvious in all circumstances; therefore, employees are advised to consult with the compliance officer whenever questions arise. Privacy All members of staff of all ranks at ECG must ensure the discretion of information entrusted to them by the firm, its clients, or suppliers except when admission is demanded by the firm, or required by laws and regulations or a court order. Classified information includes, but not confined to non-public information that may be utilized by opponents or injurious to the firm or its clients when revealed. Whenever possible, all members of staff must seek the guidance of the Compliance Officer if they believe that they have a lawful responsibility to divulge private information. Fair dealing Every member of staff in the company must strive to transact in a fair manner with the firm’s c lients, colleagues, and business competitors. No one should take undue advantage of the other through manipulation, misuse of privileged information, suppression, falsification of true facts and blackmail among other acts of unfair practice. Abusing trade secret information that was retrieved without owner’

Critical Literature Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Critical - Literature review Example 6.5 million and a medium enterprise can have up to 250 employees with a turnover of ?25.9 million. (BIS, 2011). SMEs are not only playing a significant role in the economy of United Kingdom but they are also major contributor in reducing the unemployment in the country. â€Å"Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important part of UK economy. Out of nation 4.3 million business enterprises 99% are SMEs, accounting for well over half of the employment (58.9%) and turnover (51.9%).† (Dyerson & Hari, 2008, p. 139). Today, adoption of IT or Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by SMEs is not an option but a compulsion and business requirement. Businesses cannot afford to live and exit in isolation rather they have to integrate themselves with all new technologies that happened to exist and prevail in the society. The impact of information technology on the society has instigated new domains and horizons of information technology in the SMEs businesses and aware ness has begin to increased among European states some two decades back with the invent of internet and information explosion. â€Å"Earlier EU policies in support of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) tended to focus on their role in creating employment. Over the past decade, there has been a pronounced shift to encourage greater SME participation in the information society and increased policy interest in the role that SME may play in innovation.† (Stanford-Smith, Enrica & Mireille, 2002, p.987). Apart from the size of an SME, the significance of an information technology framework is unquestionable for its existence, operation and growth. The role of IT in any business is multi faceted and it may range from internal operations and data repositories to eMarketing and eCommerce. The globalization of businesses has necessitated the induction of tools and trade of information technology into the SMEs all over the world. The strategic importance of SMEs in the economic growth of a country has grown multi times and governments try to enhance and boost economic escalation through the growth of SMEs to achieve sustainable economic strength. The adoption of information technology by SMEs is the tactical side of this strategic objective. Therefore, the governments not only encourage the use of technology but also enforce the use of these technologies to ensure better management and to guard public interest through IT enabled services by SMEs. These efforts were not limited to individual states but were also collaborated internationally by organizations like OECD. An early example of these steps includes the establishment of â€Å"Technology Development Centers (TEKES) in order to assist SMEs in planning development programs which include new technology and international cooperation.† (OECD, 1998, p. 82). United Kingdom being a member of OECD has been playing a pivotal role in the growth of SMEs and thereafter in the strengthening process of the SMEs wh ich includes but not limited to the adoption and encouragement of information technologies in these businesses. â€Å"Here again the operations are concentrated on the OECD countries and the main sectors include: technical and engineering studies, agro foods, chemicals, parachemicals and pharmaceuticals, information technology and electronics.† (OECD, 1998, p. 83). Threats and challenges always come bundled with the adoption of any technology and the information techn

Differences Between Intergovernmentalism And Constructivism Regarding The Eu Politics Essay

Differences Between Intergovernmentalism And Constructivism Regarding The Eu Politics Essay When considering these two theories in defining approaches to describe the European Union, we face the debate of agents versus structures. A constructivist approach means that it considering individual actors inside the structures in which they operate to have a significant impact on shaping their identity and behavior. Moreover, constructivism conceives of structures not only as material, but also social. Furthermore, these structures are not only constraints on behavior. Actors environment has a constitutive effect on actors identities on the basis of which they conceive their interests (Sedelmeier, 2005). Clearly, constructivism then takes into account the social factor, the one ignored by rational theory of maximum utility. For the EU, this means that it is not only an economic environment, one based on a materialistic approach. In fact, it is a cultural and social environment which shapes actors identities and interests (Sedelmeier, 2005). For constructivists the claim is that t hey study the integration of the European Union as a process (Cini, 2007). For constructivists then the focus becomes the formation, origins and evolution of identities, behavior related to languages and its role in political discourse, the role of social institutions etc. When we talk about constructivists we should see how the behavior regarding evolution of economic units, political institutions etc. emerges not because of material differences emerging in the economy but because of the process of emerging European identities (Cini, 2007) and the role social factors such as language , ideas and societal norms in these emerging identities. The liberal intergovernmentalist (LI) approach is based on political bargaining of states between governments, as in the case of treaties and reforms. In this approach, the power does not rest in social behavior or agents; in fact it is the political elite which has the power to improve interstate relations. The interaction then is between two forces; the member states and the EU Councils. In other words, This generally involves a two-stage process of negotiation. First, governments must resolve the policy problems that confront them; taking decisions to that effect; and only after that do they try to reach agreement on institutional mechanisms which would allow them to implement those decisions (Cini, 2007). As mentioned before, the political elite, meaning the governments of the member states are the main actors and the EU remains a forum for bargaining (Akiba, Fukuda, 2003). This theory holds that only the member state governments have the autonomy and can design the institutional system of the EU (Akiba, Fukuda, 2003). The limitations that this approach faces, especially when compared to constructivism is the fact that both theories slightly undermine the pace and the extent of the integration process and the autonomy that the EU has gained over the years in the sense that it has been increasingly ratifying treaties which have given more power to the Union. References: Cini, M. (2007). European Union Politics. Oxford University Press. Fukuda, K., Akiba, H. (2003). European Governance After Nice. Routledge. Sedelmeier, U. (2005). Constructing the Path to Eastern Enlargement. Manchester University Press. How do Multi-Level Governance understandings of the EU describe, and explain the advent of, the present EU political system? When discussing the integration of the EU as an institution, the arguments between intergovernmentalists and constructivist, as well as supranationalist, federalist and confederalist approaches are somewhat diminished by the theory surrounding multi level governance of the EU; indeed, it has given way to the fact that the EU operates more as a single European Regime or European polity (Akiba, Fukuda, 2003). Multi level governance considers the role of the State in decision making as important, but not entire. In fact, decision making competencies are shared by actors at different levels rather than monopolized by national governments (Hooghe, Marks, 2001). This of course means that the decision making rests with the supranational institutions- the European Parliament, European Commission and the European Court. These institutions have independent influence in policy making (Hooghe, Marks, 2001). The two other important factors which are taken into account by multi level governance ar e the collective decision making process; i.e. policies enforced across the EU without wholehearted from all the national states and the sharing of control and autonomy relating to domestic politics between national governments and supranational institutions. This obviously refers to the fact that politics at the international and domestic level are greatly interconnected, a theory on which the multi level governance model is based. One of the examples of multi level governance and the perceived limited autonomy of the nation state in the EU is displayed by the majority voting system in the EU Council of Ministers. This voting can be on issues relating to internal trade, the environment, research policy (Hooghe, Marks, 2001). So in relation to the definitions discussed above, how would a multi level governance system explain the EU of today, and secondly, why would such a system be supported considering that it is taking power away from national actors and placing it with bodies at a supranational level? The answer is to consider the other actors present in nation states who might on one hand affect policy making, actors such as pressure groups and interest groups. The Council of Ministers is only represented by governments, not other actors. This might be looked on as an advantage by national governments in policy enforcement. Secondly, the EU itself has huge arenas of policy making and regulation under its umbrella, a most important one being trade. The trade benefits that member states receive are a result of greater integration of the European market. The concept of multi level governance is parallel to that of integration but analyzed differently because it focuses more on the various territorial lev els policy making has stretched over and how authority has shifted. There has been a drift of authority from the national to the European level which forces us to think of it as a political system across multiple levels including national and subnational arenas of action as well as the institutional environment of Brussels (Cini, 2007). Parallel to integration, we can see that the governance itself rests with multiple bodies of policy making and legislation, in the form of the evolution of the EU from a mere economic body to that of an organization consisting of its own Parliament, a Court (ECJ) and a Council of Ministers, all far reaching institutions that a single treaty establishing a European Coal and Steel Community. The idea behind this argument rests in the framework with which Europeanization scholars define the process of integration and the institutional changes taking place in the EU. The focus has shifted from thesis defining the framework to closely analyze the causal relationship surrounding the procedural changes, for instance, that of EUs domestic impact. It might be termed as a second generation of European studies (Gualini, 2004). The stress however, has recently shifted from policy at the international level to the way in which integration has affected national governments (Archer, 2008). The rationale behind this shift is the question that how European integration has affected domestic administrative practices and structures (Archer, 2008). This is more of a top-down approach toward Europeanization (Borzel, Risse, 2003). It is necessary to see the way Europeanization has affected domestic policies and institutions because it helps in understanding the integration process better bec ause according to one theory, policies enacted by the European Union must create some misfit in the administrative policies on a domestic level and this I one reason why change or adaotaion takes place on the domestic level (Borzel, Risse, 2003). This opinion is supported by rational choice institutionalism, simple that the process of change is initiated by greater distribution of power among the domestic administrative powers because interest groups might find opportunities in EU policies which could provide them with ways to pursue their own interests, if only they recognize such opportunities. Secondly, it also suggests that Europeanization leads to domestic change through a differential empowerment of actors resulting from a redistribution of resources at the domestic level (Borzel, Risse, 2003). The distribution of power is one reason why theorists have shifted from analyzing Europeanization in theory only, but in fact, have concentrated in recent times to see what extent chang e at the domestic level has been brought around by the process of Europeanization. The second way in which domestic change has been analyzed is through the lens of the constructivist perspective or logic of appropriateness. In this case, European policies and norms affect domestic processes by exerting adaptational pressures (Borzel, Risse, 2003) through change agents and other informal actors in the political processes. This is also supported by the collective learning process and connects more with the opinion of how new identities are formed through collective learning and social change. Essentially it is important to note that Europeanization as a policy offers new standards of policy to be implemented on the domestic level through political processes of implementation which in turn affects polity which affects domestic-level institutions, e.g. judiciary, public institutions, economic institutes etc. As one analyst puts it, The issue is no longer whether Europe matters but how it matters, to what degree, in what direction, at what pace, and at what point of tim e (Borzel, Risse, 2003). This is the reason through which the European Union, less as a policy and more as an institute of political change at the domestic level, is studied to understand the causal mechanisms of change. References: Archer, C. (2008). The European Union. Taylor Francis. Borzel, T., Risse, T. (2003). The Politics of Europeanization. Oxford University Press. Gualini, E. (2004). Multi-level Governance Political Change. Ashgate Publishing. Why has the EU relied so much on economic integration to deepen the integration process as a whole? In 1951 the Treaty of Paris established the European Coal and Steel Community, one of the first formal steps taken toward European integration. Robert Schuman, the French Foreign Minister at that time was of the opinion that a united Europe was essential for peace in the region. The reason why EU has relied so much on economic integration depends mostly on the objectives of integration. After a war torn Europe, the idea was to rebuild Europe and also to defend against a future war which would serve as a destabilizing and destructing force for all of Europe. Economic integration was, and is, a rationale to serve a higher purpose, which is both economic and political (Molle, 2006). The economic integration would mean that the states would rather serve as a collective economic entity than an individual one. The benefits of this are increasing chances of peace and security in the reason because economies are interdependent. Greater dependence on each other economically means that chances of armed conflict between them would be minimal (Molle, 2006). The framework for the European Union can be said to have laid down when the Marshall Plan was introduced with the objective of the reconstruction of Western Europe. The introduction of the though of a unified European Steel production body thus was seen by both Schuman and Monnet as a realistic way in which conflict could be avoided. In Schumans word, the solidarity in the production thus established will make it plain that any war between France and Germany becomes not merely unthinkable but materially impossible (Jovanovic, 2005). In other words, the objective of peace is much more easily obtained when economies are linked together. Another important factor which proved once again the success of economic integration, relatively to integration progress in other areas, was the abolishment of all internal tariffs. This took place approximately a year and half before the Treaty of Rome was ratifies (Jovanovic, 2005). The result was economic benefits which ranged over a variety of industries, exports and imports and was the main attractive feature which cause Britain to apply for membership to the EC. Economy, it was seen, was a core feature which resulted in expansion of the EU and caused potential member states to right their situations, to improve their economic performance to be eligible to be apart of the EU. The arguments which have been used by pro-integration forces have therefore been focusing on the benefits obtained from economic integration, namely, increase in welfare by an increase in GDP per capita. A common economic ground formed on the basis of integration gives way to common policy ideals or support of policies which would strengthen, not weaken, the economic integration and vice versa. The Treat of Lisbon came into effect as a result of the global financial crisis and what it meant for the economy of the EU as a whole. The purpose was to control the situation financially inside the EU markets to promote financial stability and to offer security against unstable financial markets in whatever way possible. Since the monetary and financial markets of the EU are connected through means of a common currency, i.e. the Euro, financial crisis has the power to economically destabilize the entire region and there should be safeguards to minimize this threat. As a result, a European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and a European Stability Mechanism (ESM) has been set up to provide financial aid packages to countries severely affected by the financial crisis. For changes introduced in the European political sphere, the Lisbon Treaty takes into account the difference between delegated and executive acts, a distinction which was not considered by previous Treaties (Ponzano, 2008). Overall, this change means that the European Parliament has been granted a much stronger role than before whereby the Commission takes responsibility for delegated acts under the direct control of the European Parliament and the Council, giving each of the possibility of opposing the measure or revoking the delegation (Griller, Ziller, 2008). The second important political change the Treaty brings about is the double majority voting in the Qualified Majority Voting System in the European Council. The European Council also gains the status of a full European Union institution. The result of course, shows that the Lisbon Treaty granted more powers to the European Parliament, followed by the European Council. The Treaty of Lisbon has its roots in the failed ratification of the Constitutional Treaty. Establishing a Constitution for Europe has been a long-term shadow over European integration, a step that not many of the member states have been willing to take. Some questions put forth by Piris show considerable insight into the Lisbon Treaty and the circumstances surrounding it. For instance, is the Lisbon a mere repackaging of the Constitution of Europe (Piris, 2010)? Indeed the Lisbon Treaty has granted powers to the Parliament, the Court of Justice and the Commission to ensure greater balance of power in the EU. Secondly, the European Parliament, along with the national Parliaments of member states have been given the possibility of intervening directly in the EU legislative process (Piris, 2010). It definitely provides national Parliaments enough power to affect legislative process in the EU. A major difference however, between the Lisbon Treaty and the Constitutional treaty is the aba ndonment of transforming the EU into a federal body. That objective, according to Piris, has been fully deserted to be replaced by Euro-sceptic elements which to some extent limit the power of the EU.

Clothes Make a Man

It is said that we can judge a man’s character from his dress; But it’s not always so. Dress can only help us to a certain extent in knowing the broad facts of a man’s character. A man who wears a costly dress is necessarily a man of lavish habits. On the other hand, a man who wears tattered clothes is not necessarily a man of miserly habits. He may be do so only due to his financial limitations. Yet it is true that in some cases dressserves as a useful index to the character of a man. Some common examples, from which we can get some idea of a man’s character from his dress, are given below. We daily come across such persons as put on clothes of loud colours. We find them dressed in gaudy colours. They wear bushshirts printed withThe faces factors and actresses. So, is the case with their shoes. Shoes withdifferent designs on them are liked by them. We can easily know thecharacter of such people by looking at the way in which they dress. Suchpeople, if we carefully observe them, are very fond of show and ostentation. They lack the maturity of taste. They do not have sober habits. We can know this by their dress. Many people even if they are given costly and decent clothes, will maketheir appearance shabby and ineffective. They will put on the shirt or thecoat, but will not button it up. The laces of their shoes will remain untied. If they use the tie they will not put the knot properly. They never botherwhether their clothes are pressed or not. As these people are with theirclothes, so they are with their habits. They behave carelessly in other matters also. They are slovenly in their dress, living, reading and other ways also. So in this way, dress reflects their character. Besides this, we find people wearing very simple dress. A white ‘kurta’,‘dhoti’, and a white cap on the head and simple ‘chappals’ are all that they dress themselves in. But their clothes are always very neat and clean. Though they do not waste much of their valuable time in dressing, yet they do not use their dress carelessly. Such people show that they are thefollowers of the principle, â€Å"Simple living and high thinking†. They do notbelieve in ostentation. Mostly such people are intellectual. Broadly speaking, the dress of a man helps us to know his character. But atthe same time it may also be added that the dress should not be regarded as the sole index to the character of a man. Many saints and Sadhuscompletely neglect their dress. But it does not mean that they are very low either in their mental or emotional standard. On the contrary, they raise themselves so high from the level of such worldly considerations that dress becomes quite meaningless to them. In the present age, Mahatma Gandhiused to wear only a loin cloth. But he was the man before whom the entire world bowed its head. So in judging the character of a man dress can kelp us only to a certain extent. It can never be the sole guide. We should alsotake other factors into consideration in judging a man.

Osmosis Lab Report

Osmosis Rates in Artificial Cells Daniel George Department of Biology Grand Valley State University 1 Campus Drive Allendale, MI 49401 [email  protected] gvsu. edu Abstract The lab for this paper was conducted for the topic of osmosis, the movement of water from high to low concentration. Five artificial cells were created, each being filled with different concentrated solutions of sucrose. These artificial cells were placed in hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solutions for a period of 90 min. Over time, the rate of osmosis was measured by calculating the weight of each artificial cell on given intervals (every 10 minutes).The resulting weights were recorded and the data was graphed. We then could draw conclusions on the lab. Introduction Diffusion and Osmosis are two concepts that go hand in hand with each other. Diffusion is simply described as the movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. In another words, the substance will move down its concentration gradient which is â€Å"the region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases† (Campbell Biology pg. 132). If you understand the concept of diffusion then osmosis is a very simple process.It can be defined as the diffusion of water across a permeable membrane. Osmosis can be cellular or artificial, so even though we are creating artificial cells in this lab, it is still considered to be osmosis. During osmosis, a solvent is trying to get through a selectively permeable membrane to make the concentration of that solvent the same on both sides of the membrane. The rate of osmosis depends on the type of environment the cell is in. There are three different environments that a cell can find itself in, a hypertonic environment, a hypotonic environment, or an isotonic environment.The environment a cell is in will determine its tonicity which is â€Å"the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose weight † (Campbell Biology pg. 133). â€Å"In a hypertonic solution, the cell will lose water, shrivel up, and most likely die† (Campbell Biology pg. 133). The reason this happens is because there is a higher concentration of water in the cell then there is in the environment the cell is in. Like I said before, water travels down its concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration.So the water inside the cell will cross the membrane and enter into the solution outside the cell and it will continue to do this until the concentration inside the cell membrane and outside the cell membrane are equal. The opposite of this would be if the cell was in a solution that is hypotonic to the cell. In a hypotonic solution, â€Å"water would enter the cell faster than it leaves and the cell will swell up and lyse (burst)† (Campbell Biology pg. 134). This will also cause the cell to die. Both a hypertonic and hypotonic solution are very harmful to cell and in most cases will cause the death of the cell.A solution that a cell wants to be in is an isotonic solution. If the concentration of water in the cell and in the surrounding environment is equal, there will be no net movement of water across the membrane and therefore the cell will not shrivel up or swell up. ). An experiment has been conducted to find out whether or not osmosis is occurring by using artificial cells made of dialysis tubing. To test this hypothesis the experiment will show the change in weight of each artificial cell across a 90 minute time span.The experiment will also show which type of environment (as previously stated) each cell is placed in and taken out of to be weighed. Materials and Methods This experiment will look at the effects of various sucrose concentrations on the rate of osmosis in artificial cells made up of dialysis tubing. To begin the experiment one strip of dialysis tubing will be filled with 10mL of tap water, the second will be filed with 10mL of 20% sucrose, the third with 10mL of 40% sucrose, the fourth with 10mL of 60% sucrose, and the fifth bag will be filled with 10mL of tap water also.The dialysis tubing will be clamped at one end in order to fill it and then clamped at the other end to seal the filled bag. If the bag is not soft and floppy, the experiment will not work. Blot a bag with a paper towel to absorb the moisture and weigh it, if this blotting process is not done it could interfere with the weight readings creating inaccurate information. After the bags of the solutions are prepared, they will be placed into five different beakers with different solutions. Beakers 1-4 will be filled with tap water and the fifth beaker is filled with 40% sucrose and water.Fill each beaker with just enough water or solution so that the bag is covered and place the bags in the beakers simultaneously and record each time. Every 10 min the bags are to be taken out, blotted, and weighed again before returning them back into their resp ective beaker for another 10 min. The process is repeated until you have reached 90 min. The weights should be recorded in grams (g). Results Table 1 shows the contents of the bags and the content of the concentration it was submersed in. Bags 2-4 each contain a solution of both sucrose and water. These bags were each put into beakers containing hypertonic solution.These bags gained weight over time because the water moved from its high concentration inside the beaker to the low concentration inside the membrane of the artificial cell, the membrane being the bags that consisted of dialysis tubing. The water will continue to move through the pores of the dialysis tubing into the concentration of water is the same in the beaker as well as inside the artificial cell. Bag 1, consisting of water, was also put into a breaker containing water. The weight of this bag remains the same because it was placed in an isotonic solution, where the concentration of water was the same.Because of this , osmosis does not occur. The last bag (bag 5) contained only water whereas the beaker it was immersed in was a solution of 40% sucrose. The solution is a hypertonic solution because the concentration of water was higher inside the artificial cell then outside the cell membrane, inside the beaker. Because of this, the weight of bag 5 decreased as time went on because water was constantly leaving the bag through the pores of the dialysis tubing in an attempt to make the concentration of water equal inside and outside of the bag.As you can see from the results plotted in Graph 1, the bags that were put into a hypotonic solution gained weight over time, whereas the bag that was put into a hypertonic solution lost weight over time. Conclusion/ Discussion As you look over the results of this experiment it is clear that indeed osmosis does occur in an artificial cell with a permeable membrane made of dialysis tubing. As the data shows, the artificial cells that were placed in hypotonic so lutions had a gain in weight, the artificial cell that was placed in a hypertonic solution lost weight, and the cell placed in an isotonic solution stayed the same.The amount of weight gained or lost depends on how concentrated the solutions are, and this did not show in our results (Graph 1). †The rate of diffusion or osmosis is dependent on such factors as temperature, partial size, and the concentration gradient† (General Biology I Laboratory experiments and exercises pg. 3-1). The cell containing 60% sucrose should have ended up being heavier than the cells containing 20% and 40% sucrose, but an error must have occurred during our lab that changed the data that was collected.All in all, the results still prove our hypothesis that osmosis does occur in artificial cells. This means that when an artificial cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it will gain weight. If an artificial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution it will lose weight, and if it is placed in an i sotonic solution it will stay the same. There are many reasons why our data could have been misleading, weather it was a small hole in one of the dialysis bags, or a faulty scale, or the inability to plot the bags dry before weighing.To better this experiment I believe you should have a scale for each of the bags so that you can weigh the bags and get them back into their respective beaker of solution as quickly as possible. Also, I believe a more successful way of drying each bag before weighing needs to be introduced but the excess water on the outside of the bags could have defiantly thrown off the data. References Patrick A. Thorpe (ed). (2013). Biology 120 General Biology I Laboratory Experiments an Exercises. Plymouth, MI: Hayden-McNeil Publishing.Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Jackson (eds). (2011). Campbell Biology Ninth Edition. San Fransico, CA: Pearson Education Inc.. Bag| Bag Contents| Beaker Contents| Bag is in a _____solution | Bag will _______ weight. | | 1| tap water| tap water| isotonic| stay the same| | 2| 20% sucrose| tap water| hypotonic| gain| | 3| 40% sucrose| tap water| hypotonic| gain| | 4| 60% sucrose| tap water| hypotonic| gain| | 5| tap water| 40% sucrose| hypertonic| lose| | | | | | | | Table 1 Graph 1 TIME (MIN) TIME (MIN) W E I G H T (g) W E I G H T (g) Osmosis Lab Report Osmosis Rates in Artificial Cells Daniel George Department of Biology Grand Valley State University 1 Campus Drive Allendale, MI 49401 [email  protected] gvsu. edu Abstract The lab for this paper was conducted for the topic of osmosis, the movement of water from high to low concentration. Five artificial cells were created, each being filled with different concentrated solutions of sucrose. These artificial cells were placed in hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solutions for a period of 90 min. Over time, the rate of osmosis was measured by calculating the weight of each artificial cell on given intervals (every 10 minutes).The resulting weights were recorded and the data was graphed. We then could draw conclusions on the lab. Introduction Diffusion and Osmosis are two concepts that go hand in hand with each other. Diffusion is simply described as the movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. In another words, the substance will move down its concentration gradient which is â€Å"the region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases† (Campbell Biology pg. 132). If you understand the concept of diffusion then osmosis is a very simple process.It can be defined as the diffusion of water across a permeable membrane. Osmosis can be cellular or artificial, so even though we are creating artificial cells in this lab, it is still considered to be osmosis. During osmosis, a solvent is trying to get through a selectively permeable membrane to make the concentration of that solvent the same on both sides of the membrane. The rate of osmosis depends on the type of environment the cell is in. There are three different environments that a cell can find itself in, a hypertonic environment, a hypotonic environment, or an isotonic environment.The environment a cell is in will determine its tonicity which is â€Å"the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose weight † (Campbell Biology pg. 133). â€Å"In a hypertonic solution, the cell will lose water, shrivel up, and most likely die† (Campbell Biology pg. 133). The reason this happens is because there is a higher concentration of water in the cell then there is in the environment the cell is in. Like I said before, water travels down its concentration gradient from high concentration to low concentration.So the water inside the cell will cross the membrane and enter into the solution outside the cell and it will continue to do this until the concentration inside the cell membrane and outside the cell membrane are equal. The opposite of this would be if the cell was in a solution that is hypotonic to the cell. In a hypotonic solution, â€Å"water would enter the cell faster than it leaves and the cell will swell up and lyse (burst)† (Campbell Biology pg. 134). This will also cause the cell to die. Both a hypertonic and hypotonic solution are very harmful to cell and in most cases will cause the death of the cell.A solution that a cell wants to be in is an isotonic solution. If the concentration of water in the cell and in the surrounding environment is equal, there will be no net movement of water across the membrane and therefore the cell will not shrivel up or swell up. ). An experiment has been conducted to find out whether or not osmosis is occurring by using artificial cells made of dialysis tubing. To test this hypothesis the experiment will show the change in weight of each artificial cell across a 90 minute time span.The experiment will also show which type of environment (as previously stated) each cell is placed in and taken out of to be weighed. Materials and Methods This experiment will look at the effects of various sucrose concentrations on the rate of osmosis in artificial cells made up of dialysis tubing. To begin the experiment one strip of dialysis tubing will be filled with 10mL of tap water, the second will be filed with 10mL of 20% sucrose, the third with 10mL of 40% sucrose, the fourth with 10mL of 60% sucrose, and the fifth bag will be filled with 10mL of tap water also.The dialysis tubing will be clamped at one end in order to fill it and then clamped at the other end to seal the filled bag. If the bag is not soft and floppy, the experiment will not work. Blot a bag with a paper towel to absorb the moisture and weigh it, if this blotting process is not done it could interfere with the weight readings creating inaccurate information. After the bags of the solutions are prepared, they will be placed into five different beakers with different solutions. Beakers 1-4 will be filled with tap water and the fifth beaker is filled with 40% sucrose and water.Fill each beaker with just enough water or solution so that the bag is covered and place the bags in the beakers simultaneously and record each time. Every 10 min the bags are to be taken out, blotted, and weighed again before returning them back into their resp ective beaker for another 10 min. The process is repeated until you have reached 90 min. The weights should be recorded in grams (g). Results Table 1 shows the contents of the bags and the content of the concentration it was submersed in. Bags 2-4 each contain a solution of both sucrose and water. These bags were each put into beakers containing hypertonic solution.These bags gained weight over time because the water moved from its high concentration inside the beaker to the low concentration inside the membrane of the artificial cell, the membrane being the bags that consisted of dialysis tubing. The water will continue to move through the pores of the dialysis tubing into the concentration of water is the same in the beaker as well as inside the artificial cell. Bag 1, consisting of water, was also put into a breaker containing water. The weight of this bag remains the same because it was placed in an isotonic solution, where the concentration of water was the same.Because of this , osmosis does not occur. The last bag (bag 5) contained only water whereas the beaker it was immersed in was a solution of 40% sucrose. The solution is a hypertonic solution because the concentration of water was higher inside the artificial cell then outside the cell membrane, inside the beaker. Because of this, the weight of bag 5 decreased as time went on because water was constantly leaving the bag through the pores of the dialysis tubing in an attempt to make the concentration of water equal inside and outside of the bag.As you can see from the results plotted in Graph 1, the bags that were put into a hypotonic solution gained weight over time, whereas the bag that was put into a hypertonic solution lost weight over time. Conclusion/ Discussion As you look over the results of this experiment it is clear that indeed osmosis does occur in an artificial cell with a permeable membrane made of dialysis tubing. As the data shows, the artificial cells that were placed in hypotonic so lutions had a gain in weight, the artificial cell that was placed in a hypertonic solution lost weight, and the cell placed in an isotonic solution stayed the same.The amount of weight gained or lost depends on how concentrated the solutions are, and this did not show in our results (Graph 1). †The rate of diffusion or osmosis is dependent on such factors as temperature, partial size, and the concentration gradient† (General Biology I Laboratory experiments and exercises pg. 3-1). The cell containing 60% sucrose should have ended up being heavier than the cells containing 20% and 40% sucrose, but an error must have occurred during our lab that changed the data that was collected.All in all, the results still prove our hypothesis that osmosis does occur in artificial cells. This means that when an artificial cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it will gain weight. If an artificial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution it will lose weight, and if it is placed in an i sotonic solution it will stay the same. There are many reasons why our data could have been misleading, weather it was a small hole in one of the dialysis bags, or a faulty scale, or the inability to plot the bags dry before weighing.To better this experiment I believe you should have a scale for each of the bags so that you can weigh the bags and get them back into their respective beaker of solution as quickly as possible. Also, I believe a more successful way of drying each bag before weighing needs to be introduced but the excess water on the outside of the bags could have defiantly thrown off the data. References Patrick A. Thorpe (ed). (2013). Biology 120 General Biology I Laboratory Experiments an Exercises. Plymouth, MI: Hayden-McNeil Publishing.Reece, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Jackson (eds). (2011). Campbell Biology Ninth Edition. San Fransico, CA: Pearson Education Inc.. Bag| Bag Contents| Beaker Contents| Bag is in a _____solution | Bag will _______ weight. | | 1| tap water| tap water| isotonic| stay the same| | 2| 20% sucrose| tap water| hypotonic| gain| | 3| 40% sucrose| tap water| hypotonic| gain| | 4| 60% sucrose| tap water| hypotonic| gain| | 5| tap water| 40% sucrose| hypertonic| lose| | | | | | | | Table 1 Graph 1 TIME (MIN) TIME (MIN) W E I G H T (g) W E I G H T (g)

Cover Letter Example

A key part of almost any job application is a cover letter. Sometimes, that becomes even more important than your resume itself, as the cover letter shows the human behind the paper. It allows you to shine through your list of certifications and experiences and show off your soft skills and enthusiasm and convince the hiring manager you are the best match for the position. At the end of this article, you will find an example of a cover letter written in response to an online advertisement. However, before you jump straight to it, it may be a good idea to read through a typical structure of a cover letter, some writing and preparation tips, and useful key phrases. After all, you are representing yourself and your strong attributes, not someone elses online template. Structure of a Cover Letter 3-5 Paragraphs Cover letters usually run between three and five paragraphs. Note, however, that unless specifically outlined in the job posting, there is no prescribed length for this type of writing. A good thing to keep in mind is that hiring managers often only spend a brief time reviewing each application. Keeping it short and/or making it stand out in any other way (interesting and unusual words, descriptions, and/or accomplishments) could benefit you. Structure Addresses and dateSalutationIntroductory paragraph stating:The position you are applying forHow you heard of the positionOne-sentence pitch of who you are as a professional and a mention that/how your qualifications match the position and/or the company perfectlyBody 1Elaborate on your desire to work for this company in this positionElaborate on your background and how it matches the required profile (to sound genuine, make sure you use synonyms and different sentence structures than the words and phrases in the job posting)Optional Body 2 (and 3)Relate one or two anecdotes depicting skills or accomplishments that are not immediately noticeable on your resumeTie them back to the job description. Show how these skills make you the best choice for the positionThanksThank the hiring managerExpress one more time how enthusiastic you are about working for their company and how perfect of a match you are for the advertised positionProvide another form of contact (telephone number) and expr ess your willingness to be reached out to for any further informationSalutation Tips for Writing Cover Letters Always refer to the exact position for which you are applying. Make sure you know all the details about it and the company.  Researching the company and the position prior to writing your letter will help you sound on point and will help frame your attributes more specifically for the position.Point out those aspects of your career that you feel are especially important. Be confident and proud of your accomplishments, yet still matter-of-fact.Dont point out too many of your qualifications. Youve enclosed your resume for that purpose.  Instead, select one or two details or anecdotes and elaborate on those.Refer in a positive way to a future interview. Dont be shy about stating that youll follow-up.   Useful Phrases Referring to the Position I am writing to you in response to your advertisement for...I would like to apply for the position of...Im interested in applying for... Pointing Out Important Qualifications As you can see from my enclosed resume, my experience and qualifications match this positions requirements closely.I believe my...make of me an ideal candidate for this position.I would like to point out...During..., I improved (furthered, extended, deepened, etc.) my knowledge of...My superiors really appreciated my... / when I...I was responsible for...My former position required me to..., which... Referring to Future Interview Please, feel free to contact me at...(for any further questions).I look forward to an opportunity to speak with you in person.  I look forward to speaking with you personally.  I look forward to discussing how I can... Cover Letter Example Kenneth Beare 2520 Vista AvenueOlympia, Washington 98501 Mr. Bob Trimm, Personnel Manager Importers Inc.587 Lilly Road Olympia, Washington 98506 April 19, 2019 Dear Mr. Trimm, My name is Kenneth Beare and I am applying for the position of the Legal Assistant specializing in Port Regulatory Law at Importers Inc., as advertised on Indeed. I am a seasoned attorney and, as you can see from my enclosed resume, my experience and qualifications match this positions requirements closely. I graduated Cum Laude from the University of Tacoma and was directly hired by Shoreman and Co. due to my expertise in port authority regulations. During my four years with the company, I further deepened my knowledge of the fast-changing regulatory laws in our state. My employer also thought highly enough of my abilities to promote me to head legal researcher after my first year of employment. I am now ready to take my career to the next level, and Importers Inc. seems to be the perfect place for my aspirations. Your prestige along with the attentive care you give your customers are aspects that I value highly, and I believe that my profound knowledge of the industry, as well as my people skills, would help your company reach an even wider clientele. Please, feel free to contact me by email or at (206) 121-0771 for any additional information. I would love to become a part of Importers Inc. and help further your mission. Thank you very much for your consideration. I look forward to hearing back from you. Sincerely, Kenneth Beare